New Study Highlights Genetic Similarities and Differences between Different Forms of Type 2 Diabetes in India and Europe

Key Highlights :

1. The study confirms that the classification system is applicable on a group in western India.

2. The results are based on clinical data from 2,217 patients and genome-wide associations studies ( GWAS ) and a genetic risk score analysis ( GRS ) on 821 people with type 2 diabetes from a study in western India.

3. The subgroup is called severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD) and this is a form of type 2 diabetes that is also characterised by early onset, low insulin secretion, and poor metabolic control, the researchers said.

4. Of all the participants with type 2 diabetes in the Indian study, 47 per cent were classified as belonging to the SIDD group.

5. Previous studies on populations in Sweden have shown that mild age-related diabetes (MARD), which is characterized by late onset, is the most common form of diabetes among Swedish people.

6. Early life undernutrition in Indians may be a major contribution to early onset of type 2 diabetes, and this may be why we see this difference in the distribution of patients between Sweden and India, Prasad said.

7. The knowledge may be used to prevent the disease in India, which has the second highest number of diabetes worldwide after China. Our findings suggests that efforts to prevent malnutrition in Indians may also prevent type 2 diabetes, she added.

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     A new study published in The Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia journal has confirmed that a classification system for type 2 diabetes is applicable on a group in western India. The study, conducted by researchers at Lund University in Sweden, highlights the genetic similarities and differences between different forms of type 2 diabetes in India and Europe. This new step towards a better understanding of the development of type 2 diabetes in India could lead to improved treatments and prevention of the disease.

     The study was based on clinical data from 2,217 patients and genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) and a genetic risk score analysis (GRS) on 821 people with type 2 diabetes from a study in western India. The results showed that the characteristics of all the subgroups reflected those seen in European people with diabetes. The researchers also confirmed their previous findings that a certain form of type 2 diabetes that is characterised by relatively low BMI is the most common form of the disease in India. This form of type 2 diabetes is called severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD). Of all the participants with type 2 diabetes in the Indian study, 47 per cent were classified as belonging to the SIDD group.

     The second largest group in India was mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), which is characterised by obesity, early onset, and a relatively mild disease progression. The Indian participants in the MOD group were associated with genetic variants for vitamin B12 deficiency, which was not seen in the Swedish group of people. This suggests that the causes of the disease differ between the two populations, and that vitamin B12 deficiency may be a factor that drives the disease in the Indian MOD group.

     The findings of this study could be used to prevent type 2 diabetes in India, which has the second highest number of diabetes worldwide after China. The researchers suggest that efforts to prevent malnutrition in Indians may also prevent type 2 diabetes, as early life undernutrition in Indians may be a major contribution to early onset of type 2 diabetes.

     The study highlights the importance of genetic research in order to better understand the development of type 2 diabetes in India, and to provide improved treatments and prevention of the disease. With the knowledge gained from this study, researchers can continue to gain further insights into the genetic differences between different forms of type 2 diabetes in India and Europe, and use this information to develop more effective treatments and prevention strategies.

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