Key Highlights :
A 2020 study estimated that up to 200 million people worldwide are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water, making it a global public health issue. Arsenic is a naturally occurring element found in the Earth's crust and exposure to it, often through contaminated food and water, is associated with various negative health effects, including cancer. More than 70 countries are affected, including the U.S., Spain, Mexico, Japan, India, China, Canada, Chile, Bangladesh, Bolivia and Argentina. In this article, we discuss how exposure to arsenic can lead to cancer, how it predominantly affects communities of color in the U.S., and what can be done to prevent arsenic exposure.
Arsenic is a toxic metal that can enter the body through inhalation, skin contact, and most commonly, contaminated food and water. People living in areas with naturally high levels of arsenic in the soil and water are at particular risk. Human activities such as mining and agriculture can also increase arsenic in food and water sources. High levels of arsenic can also be found in food and drink products, particularly rice and rice-based products like rice cereals and crackers.
Chronic exposure to arsenic increases the risk of developing multiple types of cancer. The mechanisms by which arsenic causes cancer are complex and not yet fully understood. However, research suggests that arsenic can damage DNA, disrupt cell signaling pathways, and impair the immune system, all of which can contribute to cancer development. Scientists have also linked chronic arsenic exposure to the development of cancer stem cells. These are cells within tumors thought to be responsible for cancer growth and spread.
Alarmingly, multiple studies have found that several popular baby food brands contain arsenic at concentrations much higher than the legal limit. This is especially concerning as babies and young children are more vulnerable to the health effects of arsenic exposure.
Preventing chronic arsenic exposure is critical to reducing the burden of arsenic-related health effects. Further research is needed to understand arsenic-induced cancer stem cell formation and develop effective strategies to prevent it. In the meantime, continued monitoring and regulation of this toxic metal in food and water sources could help improve the health of affected communities.
Arsenic exposure is a global public health issue that requires urgent attention. Governments and public health organizations must take action to reduce the burden of arsenic-related health effects and protect vulnerable populations from contamination.